من طرف Four most famous writers in modern prose
To develop your information And This subject also good for students Who
Study English literary.
1-Somerset Maugham (1874-1965), English author, whose novels and short stories are characterized by great narrative facility, simplicity of style, and a disillusioned and ironic point of view. William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris and studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg and at Saint Thomas's Hospital, London. His partially autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage (1915) is generally acknowledged as his masterpiece and is one of the best realistic English novels of the early 20th century. The Moon and Sixpence (1919) is a story of the conflict between the artist and conventional society, based on the life of the French painter Paul Gauguin; other novels are The Painted Veil (1925), Cakes and Ale (1930), Christmas Holiday (1939), The Hour Before the Dawn (1942), The Razor's Edge (1944), and Cataline: A Romance (1948). Among the collections of his short stories are The Trembling of a Leaf (1921), which includes “Miss Thompson,” later dramatized as Rain; Ashenden: or The British Agent (1928); First Person Singular (1931); Ah King (1933); and Quartet (1948). He also wrote satiric comedies— The Circle (1921) and Our Betters (1923)—the melodrama East of Suez (1922), essays, and two autobiographies.
2-Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), English novelist, essayist, critic, and poet, grandson of Thomas Huxley and brother of Julian Huxley. Aldous Leonard Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, and educated at Eton College and the University of Oxford. He worked on various periodicals and published four books of verse before the appearance of his first novel, Crome Yellow (1921). The novels Antic Hay (1923) and Point Counter Point (1928), both of which illustrate the nihilistic temper of the 1920s, and Brave New World (1932), an ironic vision of a future utopia, established Huxley's fame. During the 1920s he lived largely in Italy and France. He immigrated to the United States in 1937. Among his more than 45 books are the volumes of essays Jesting Pilate (1926), Ends and Means (1937), Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1956), Brave New World Revisited (1958), and Literature and Science (1963). Other novels include Eyeless in Gaza (1936), After Many a Summer Dies the Swan (1939), Ape and Essence (1948), and Island (1962). Huxley also wrote on science, philosophy, and social criticism. Important nonfiction works include The Art of Seeing (1932), The Perennial Philosophy (1946), and The Devils of Loudon (1952). The Doors of Perception (1954) and its sequel Heaven and Hell (1956) deal with Huxley's experiences with hallucinogenic drugs.
3-J. B. S. Haldane (1892-1964), British geneticist, who led the way to establishing mathematically the rates of genetic changes in human populations. John Burdon Sanderson Haldane was born in Oxford, England. The son of John Scott Haldane, the noted respiratory physiologist, he attended Eton and the University of Oxford. At the University of Cambridge (1922-33) he formulated a mathematical approach to the understanding of natural selection. His interest in human genetics led him to work on hemophilia and color blindness in order to establish rates at which mutations occur in human populations.
Haldane applied vast analytical and literary skills to the controversies of his day, becoming a Marxist in the 1930s and then disputing the official party line that endorsed the ideas of the Soviet agronomist T. D. Lysenko. He was a forceful personality, and his writings were followed closely by both general and specialized readers. His works include The Inequality of Man (1932), The Causes of Evolution (1933), Heredity and Politics (1938), The Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences (1939), New Paths in Genetics (1941), and The Biochemistry of Genetics (1954).
4-E. M. Forster (1879-1970), English novelist and essayist, whose novels, written in a style notable for its conciseness and fluidity, explore the attitudes that create barriers between people.
Edward Morgan Forster was born in London on January 1, 1879, and educated at King's College, University of Cambridge. After a short residence in Italy, he turned to writing full time. His first novel, Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905), appeared when Forster was 26 years old and displays remarkably mature style. This was followed by The Longest Journey (1907) and A Room with a View (1908). The construction of these three novels was a reaction to lengthy, formally plotted Victorian fiction. Somewhat autobiographical, they also sounded a theme prevalent in Forster's essays: the need to temper middle-class materialism with due consideration of things of the mind and imagination, in order to achieve harmony and understanding. This theme is treated more fully in Forster's masterpieces, Howards End (1910), with its message “Only connect,” and A Passage to India (1924). The latter, the last novel Forster wrote, deals with the conflict of cultures in terms of the ambiguous personal relationship between an English visitor and an Indian during British rule.
Two volumes of short stories were published by Forster during his lifetime, The Celestial Omnibus (1914) and The Eternal Moment (1924). Maurice (1971; written 1913-1914), a novel, and The Life to Come (1972; written throughout his life), a collection of short stories, both primarily on homosexual themes, were not published until after Forster's death.
Forster's convictions and outlook were clearly expressed in his essay collections, Abinger Harvest (1936) and Two Cheers for Democracy (1951), as well as in his travel books, The Hill of Devi (1953), an account of his sojourn in India and the real basis for A Passage to India, and Alexandria: A History and a Guide (1922; revised 1961). The latter was based on Forster's civilian duties there during World War I (1914-1918). A variety of other literary endeavors included editorship, for a brief period after World War I, of the Daily Herald, a Labour Party newspaper; the libretto for the opera Billy Budd (1951), by the English composer Benjamin Britten; and an important piece of literary criticism, Aspects of the Novel, based on lectures he gave at Cambridge in 1927.
Forster, an honorary fellow of King's College, resided there from 1946 until his death in Coventry, England on June 7, 1970. Forster's critical reputation has remained high, and popular interest in his novels has been fueled by the recent films made from his works: A Passage to India (1984); A Room with a View (1985); Maurice (1987); Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991); and Howards End (1992).
To develop your information And This subject also good for students Who
Study English literary.
1-Somerset Maugham (1874-1965), English author, whose novels and short stories are characterized by great narrative facility, simplicity of style, and a disillusioned and ironic point of view. William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris and studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg and at Saint Thomas's Hospital, London. His partially autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage (1915) is generally acknowledged as his masterpiece and is one of the best realistic English novels of the early 20th century. The Moon and Sixpence (1919) is a story of the conflict between the artist and conventional society, based on the life of the French painter Paul Gauguin; other novels are The Painted Veil (1925), Cakes and Ale (1930), Christmas Holiday (1939), The Hour Before the Dawn (1942), The Razor's Edge (1944), and Cataline: A Romance (1948). Among the collections of his short stories are The Trembling of a Leaf (1921), which includes “Miss Thompson,” later dramatized as Rain; Ashenden: or The British Agent (1928); First Person Singular (1931); Ah King (1933); and Quartet (1948). He also wrote satiric comedies— The Circle (1921) and Our Betters (1923)—the melodrama East of Suez (1922), essays, and two autobiographies.
2-Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), English novelist, essayist, critic, and poet, grandson of Thomas Huxley and brother of Julian Huxley. Aldous Leonard Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, and educated at Eton College and the University of Oxford. He worked on various periodicals and published four books of verse before the appearance of his first novel, Crome Yellow (1921). The novels Antic Hay (1923) and Point Counter Point (1928), both of which illustrate the nihilistic temper of the 1920s, and Brave New World (1932), an ironic vision of a future utopia, established Huxley's fame. During the 1920s he lived largely in Italy and France. He immigrated to the United States in 1937. Among his more than 45 books are the volumes of essays Jesting Pilate (1926), Ends and Means (1937), Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1956), Brave New World Revisited (1958), and Literature and Science (1963). Other novels include Eyeless in Gaza (1936), After Many a Summer Dies the Swan (1939), Ape and Essence (1948), and Island (1962). Huxley also wrote on science, philosophy, and social criticism. Important nonfiction works include The Art of Seeing (1932), The Perennial Philosophy (1946), and The Devils of Loudon (1952). The Doors of Perception (1954) and its sequel Heaven and Hell (1956) deal with Huxley's experiences with hallucinogenic drugs.
3-J. B. S. Haldane (1892-1964), British geneticist, who led the way to establishing mathematically the rates of genetic changes in human populations. John Burdon Sanderson Haldane was born in Oxford, England. The son of John Scott Haldane, the noted respiratory physiologist, he attended Eton and the University of Oxford. At the University of Cambridge (1922-33) he formulated a mathematical approach to the understanding of natural selection. His interest in human genetics led him to work on hemophilia and color blindness in order to establish rates at which mutations occur in human populations.
Haldane applied vast analytical and literary skills to the controversies of his day, becoming a Marxist in the 1930s and then disputing the official party line that endorsed the ideas of the Soviet agronomist T. D. Lysenko. He was a forceful personality, and his writings were followed closely by both general and specialized readers. His works include The Inequality of Man (1932), The Causes of Evolution (1933), Heredity and Politics (1938), The Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences (1939), New Paths in Genetics (1941), and The Biochemistry of Genetics (1954).
4-E. M. Forster (1879-1970), English novelist and essayist, whose novels, written in a style notable for its conciseness and fluidity, explore the attitudes that create barriers between people.
Edward Morgan Forster was born in London on January 1, 1879, and educated at King's College, University of Cambridge. After a short residence in Italy, he turned to writing full time. His first novel, Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905), appeared when Forster was 26 years old and displays remarkably mature style. This was followed by The Longest Journey (1907) and A Room with a View (1908). The construction of these three novels was a reaction to lengthy, formally plotted Victorian fiction. Somewhat autobiographical, they also sounded a theme prevalent in Forster's essays: the need to temper middle-class materialism with due consideration of things of the mind and imagination, in order to achieve harmony and understanding. This theme is treated more fully in Forster's masterpieces, Howards End (1910), with its message “Only connect,” and A Passage to India (1924). The latter, the last novel Forster wrote, deals with the conflict of cultures in terms of the ambiguous personal relationship between an English visitor and an Indian during British rule.
Two volumes of short stories were published by Forster during his lifetime, The Celestial Omnibus (1914) and The Eternal Moment (1924). Maurice (1971; written 1913-1914), a novel, and The Life to Come (1972; written throughout his life), a collection of short stories, both primarily on homosexual themes, were not published until after Forster's death.
Forster's convictions and outlook were clearly expressed in his essay collections, Abinger Harvest (1936) and Two Cheers for Democracy (1951), as well as in his travel books, The Hill of Devi (1953), an account of his sojourn in India and the real basis for A Passage to India, and Alexandria: A History and a Guide (1922; revised 1961). The latter was based on Forster's civilian duties there during World War I (1914-1918). A variety of other literary endeavors included editorship, for a brief period after World War I, of the Daily Herald, a Labour Party newspaper; the libretto for the opera Billy Budd (1951), by the English composer Benjamin Britten; and an important piece of literary criticism, Aspects of the Novel, based on lectures he gave at Cambridge in 1927.
Forster, an honorary fellow of King's College, resided there from 1946 until his death in Coventry, England on June 7, 1970. Forster's critical reputation has remained high, and popular interest in his novels has been fueled by the recent films made from his works: A Passage to India (1984); A Room with a View (1985); Maurice (1987); Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991); and Howards End (1992).
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